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Summary of Swedish Snus - The Smokeless Tobacco.

Swedish Snus is a moist to semi-moist, ground, oral tobacco product which is used behind the upper lip. Swedish Snus exists in two packaging formats, loose Snus and portion packed Snus. Both forms exist in different flavour varieties. Swedish Snus is made from selected, mainly air-cured tobaccos, water, salt and flavour additives. Swedish Snus is pasteurised in a proprietary heat treatment process which satisfies the Swedish food requirements.
Swedish Snus has a 150 year tradition in Sweden.

What is Swedish snus?

Swedish snus is a ground tobacco product dating from the late 1700s. Even at that time, Swedish snus, which is used orally, was distinctive from the nasal snuff products used in many other countries.

Swedish snus contains three main ingredients: selected tobaccos, water and salt. Flavor additives are also used. It is moist for easy use.

Swedish snus is heat-treated in a process closely related to pasteurization. This process ensures that microorganisms are neutralized, and that the snus stays fresh longer.

In Sweden, snus is regulated as a food product. Sanitation requirements in Swedish snus factories are the same as those used in food production. All additives are approved as food additives.

What makes Swedish snus special?

Raw material selection

We set tough standards for the tobacco used in our snus. The tobacco undergoes several stages of rigorous analysis to ensure that it meets standards.

Production

The manufacture of Swedish snus involves a process called heat-sweating, which makes Swedish snus unique in the world. All production follows strict procedural and hygienic standards.

Food standards

Swedish snus is regulated as a food product in Sweden. Production and additive standards are the same as those for food products.
Scientific documentation
Several recent, independent scientific studies have been published regarding the health effects of Swedish snus. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare summarized this research in its 1997 report Health Risks of Snus, which states "[t]he health risks of snus are with great probability less than the risks that are associated with smoking." (Ahlbom, A.; Olsson, U.A.; Pershagen, G. Hälsorisker med snus. Socialstyrelsen: SoS-rapport 1997:11)

The Scientist, Volume 17 | Issue 6 | 22 | Mar. 24, 2003 (The Scientist is an international news magazine)
"The new, so-called harm-reduction products are getting mixed reactions from public health officials. These can include "safer" cigarettes, novel nicotine products, and smokeless tobacco, such as low nitrosamine Snus from Sweden. "Snus is the most interesting harm-reduction story in the world," says Kenneth Warner, director, University of Michigan Tobacco Research Network. Perhaps because of its low cost compared to cigarettes, almost 30% of Swedish men use Snus. "The Swedish government has studied this stuff to death, and to date, there is no compelling evidence that it has any adverse health consequences. ... Whatever they eventually find out, it is dramatically less dangerous than smoking," says Warner."

University of Minnesota Cancer Center
"Smokeless Tobacco Study: Alternative Nicotine Treatment Systems (ANTS)
This study examines the health effects of Swedish Snus and the nicotine patch. Snus is a Swedish smokeless tobacco product that contains less nitrosamines (cancer causing agents) than traditional American smokeless tobacco. The nicotine patch is a transdermal nicotine delivery system used to quit tobacco use."

Wall Street Journal Volume 34, 2001
"In week 34 of 2001 Wall Street Journal published an article about a laboratory test on tobacco snuff carried out by the health authorities in Massachusetts. Massachusetts is the state which have been working hardest to implement the toughest regulations against tobacco. What happen in this state is carefully monitored by federal authorities and the tobacco industry. In the examination the existence of carcinogenic nitrosamine substances were compared among five US brands together with the Swedish brand "Ettan snus". The result showed that Ettan snus scored lowest amount of carcinogenic nitrosamine substances, containing 2.8 per mil of weight, compared with 127.9 per mil of weight for the worst US brand. According to laboratory experiment on rats, nitrosamine substances have developed tumours. But to get the amount of nitrosamine substances that the rats were given, a man has to consume 1654 lb. - 750 kg (the weight of a small car) of the Swedish Ettan snus per day."

How is Swedish snus produced?

Swedish snus is made from high quality tobacco, specially selected for the lowest possible levels of undesirable components. Swedish Match experiments with cultivation in different countries to achieve the best possible raw tobacco. Important characteristics such as processing flexability and taste vary depending on seed type, growth location, climate, leaf position on the plant and curing conditions.

Swedish snus production involves three main steps: grinding, processing and packaging. First, the tobacco leaves are pulverized. Particle size varies according to the brand. A blend contains between 10 and 30 different grades of tobacco.

Next, the tobacco is mixed with water and salt. It then undergoes heat treatment. Afterwards, it is chilled and flavor is added.

Finally, the snus is packaged in loose (loose snus) or pouch (portion snus) form in cans.

How much Swedish snus is consumed?

Swedish snus is consumed mainly in Scandinavia. In Sweden, total consumption was 6200 tons in year 2000. One hundred sixty-seven million cans were consumed, of which 75 million (45%) were portion snus.

Approximately 1,000,000 people in Sweden use snus - 90% are men and 10% are women. Approximately 22% of the adult male population uses Swedish snus.

What are the ingredients in Swedish snus?

Swedish snus consists of ground tobacco, water, salt and additives. In Sweden, snus is regulated under the Food Act. All additives are approved for use in food. Swedish snus contains the following additives:
Salt, which adds taste and acts as a preservative
Sodium carbonate, which is converted into bicarbonate
Food approved humectants, which preserve moisture
Flavor additives, which give each brand its unique character

Shelf Life

How to keep Snus fresh

The shelf life of Swedish Snus depends on a number of factors i.a. the water content. A lower moisture level results in a longer shelf life. Moist Snus has a limited shelf life and should not be kept in room temperature for more that a couple of weeks. Dry portion packs, however, do not have this limitation.

The general recommendation is to keep moist Snus refrigerated. The Snus will then be very stable and can be kept for several weeks.

To keep Snus for a longer period it should be frozen and you can keep it for at least a year. To avoid frozen Snus from drying out you should freeze it in a freezing bag. Thawing of Snus in cardboard cans should be done in a refrigerat, thus eliminating the condensation water to dissolve the glue in the can. Plastic cans are not sensitive to external moisture and can be thawed in room temperature.

Storage changes
Changes that might occur when Snus is stored for some time include changes that are typical for many foodstuffs.
- Drying out, i.e. evaporation of water.
- Flavour changes due to ageing phenomena.
- Growth of micro-organisms such as bacteria or mould.

Drying affects all products with a high water content and is prevented with a water tight package. Snus has a fairly high water content, normally between 50 - 60 %. Thus, a minor loss of water does not affect the consistency very much. In Sweden, loose Snus is packed in a paraffin coated cardboard can, which under normal distribution conditions is good enough to keep the moisture. Moist pouch products are more sensitive to drying and are therefore packed in the tighter plastic cans.

Flavour changes result in deterioration of taste and aroma characteristics of the product. The Snus might get a stale aroma and taste. These changes are caused by reactions with oxygen from the air, reactions which are very dependent on temperature. We recommend always to keep Snus refrigerated for any longer periods.

Shelf life problems due to growth of micro-organisms are rare. The pasteurisation process during manufacturing normally denatures the natural microflora originating from the tobacco. However, as with pasteurised milk, the pasteurisation process will not render the Snus completely sterile. Under warm storing conditions there remains a small risk of bacteria growth. We have, however, never found any pathogenic bacteria in Snus.

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